By OH BOON PING

SINGAPORE came out top in terms of industrial competitiveness, a United Nations (UN) survey has found.

The 2009 Industrial Development Report, which ranked 122 markets, said that the city-state took pole position in 2005 and 2000, based on an index that assesses national industrial performance across a five-year period.

Ireland and Japan came in second and third, while Switzerland, Sweden and Germany followed behind.

Developed by the UN Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO), the competitive industrial performance (CIP) index considers factors such as industrial capacity, manufactured export capacity, industrialisation intensity and export quality.

In the report, UNIDO pointed out that the United States was the only mature industrial power that saw a deterioration in its relative position. This resulted from the improved performance of South Korea and Taiwan.

Among the top 60 countries, the largest improvements were seen in Qatar (up 23 places), Cyprus (18), Iceland (13) and Slovenia (10).

Among the bottom 60, several African countries, including Mozambique, Senegal and Cote d'Ivoire, improved their rankings considerably - by 21, 18 and 13 places, respectively.

Manufactured exports in those three countries grew much faster than manufacturing value added (MVA), while the share of primary exports in total exports declined sharply.

East Asia leads the developing world in the CIP index, where the four mature 'tigers' continue to dominate the rankings.

However, Hong Kong has dropped in industrial competitiveness, while China continues its impressive performance and is in 26th position in the 2005 ranking.

Sub-Saharan Africa lagged behind all other regions. Most of the region's countries cluster at the bottom of the CIP index.

Latin America continued to lose ground to East Asia. The best three performers in the region - Mexico, Costa Rica and Brazil - lost several positions in the rankings.

South Asia does not perform well on the CIP measure. India leads the CIP in the region but lost three positions in the global rankings, despite its strong information technology and electronics sectors.

In the Middle East and North Africa, Tunisia and Morocco continued to improve in industrial competitiveness.

They have emerged as small dynamic economies and are able to compete in global markets not only in basic manufacturing, but also in sophisticated products.

This article was first published in The Business Times.